Newsletter

For millions of health-conscious Americans, the annual checkup has become a routine practice. Like people, dogs and cats can benefit from routine wellness exams too. But with one important difference—pets age faster than people.

On average, most dogs and cats reach adulthood by age two. By age four, many pets are entering middle age. And by age seven, most dogs, particularly larger breeds, are entering their senior years.

Because dogs and cats age on average seven times faster than people, significant health changes can occur in a short amount of time. And, the risks of cancer, diabetes, obesity, arthritis, heart disease, metabolic problems and other serious conditions all increase with age.

Many pet owners are not aware that taking a dog or cat to the veterinarian once a year is the same as a person seeing their doctor or dentist once every seven years. It is recommended that pets have a wellness exam every six months so that veterinarians have the opportunity to detect, treat or, ideally, prevent problems before they become life-threatening.

Prevention is the real goal of twice-a-year wellness exams. When veterinarians see a pet on a regular basis, they can help pets avoid some preventable illnesses and diseases. Plus, a pet will never have to suffer from pain that could be treated or prevented by the veterinarian.

Pet wellness exams include screenings for a variety of potential diseases. These screenings are usually accompanied by an individualized risk assessment of your pet's environment—where you live, emerging disease risks in your community, your pet's interaction with other pets and wildlife, travel plans, and other lifestyle considerations.

Pet wellness exams also help your veterinarian determine a proper prevention program, including a vaccination schedule tailored specifically for your pet. By using personalized pet health protocols, veterinarians can pinpoint specific preventive health care needs for your pet.

A pet owner's best source for wellness exam and preventive health care information is their personal veterinarian. Only your veterinarian knows your pet's medical history, current health status, and potential risks your pet faces.

1. You catch your dog doing something you don't want him to do and you yell at him. Your dog is not making eye contact with you. His lips are pulled back and his ears are flat against his head. He turns his head away from you and licks his lips when you approach. What is your dog expressing?

1. Submission
2. Guilt
3. Stubbornness
4. Fear

2. You meet a strange dog. He snarls at you with his hackles (the hair on his back) raised. His tail is held low and stiff and his ears are laid back. What is this dog saying?

1. I am afraid and may bite or run.
2. I am the boss and I am going to bite you.
3. I am afraid and will run away.
4. I am angry.

3. Your dog is chattering his teeth. What is he saying?

1. I smell a female dog in heat.
2. I am hungry.
3. I am cold.
4. I am feeling car sick.

4. Your male dog mounts another male. Why?

1. Because he likes other male dogs.
2. Because he wants to mate and is frustrated.
3. Because he likes the other dog.
4. To show that he is the boss.

5. A dog is approaching you slowly. He is looking directly into your eyes and seems to be walking on his tiptoes. His ears are up and his tail is also up and wagging slowly. What is he saying?

1. I am curious.
2. I am friendly.
3. I may bite you.
4. I am scared.

6. Your dog faces you and is panting. He bows down on his front legs with his tail wagging quickly. He barks in a high-pitched voice. What is he saying?

1. I am frustrated.
2. I need to go outside!
3. I want some food.
4. Play with me!

7. Your dog yawns. What is he saying?

1. I am bored.
2. I need a walk.
3. I am tired.
4. I am nervous.

8. A dog you don't know comes up to you and takes your hand in his mouth without biting it. What is he saying?

1. I want some food.
2. Hello!
3. If you move, I'll bite you.
4. I am worried.

9. You approach a puppy whom you just caught urinating on the floor. He rolls over on his back and urinates again. What is he saying?

1. I am submissive.
2. I am spiteful. I urinate on the floor on purpose.
3. I am not housebroken.
4. I will urinate where I please.

10. You are teaching your dog something new. After a bit of work, he scratches at his neck. You are sure he doesn't have any fleas. Why is he scratching?

1. He needs a break.
2. He is being stubborn.
3. He is itchy.
4. He wants to pull his collar off.

Answer Key

1. A
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. A

Selecting a Pet Bird

Why do you want to own a bird?

There is no correct answer to this question, but it is one you should fully examine before you purchase a bird. Often a pet bird is the answer for apartment dwellers, people desiring animal companionship with minimal time or money investment, or individuals wanting an affectionate, intelligent pet. However, a bird should never be purchased on impulse. You should approach the task of purchasing a bird already aware of the characteristics of the species of bird you are interested in, the average price of that type of bird in your region and with some knowledge of how to evaluate the health and breed characteristics of the bird you are considering. This requires a bit of research and asking round before you are ready to buy, but the investment of your time saves you much grief at a later date.

Macaw

The beautiful macaws and cockatoos are not for the neophyte! Most first-time bird owners are happier with finches, canaries, budgerigars ("parakeets") or cockatiels.

Zebra Finch

Birds can be purchased from a variety of sources, such as pet shops, breeders, private dealers, or individuals. If you are buying a bird for the first time, it is almost essential that you purchase your bird from someone who is in the bird breeding and/or selling business. These individuals usually have a reputation to protect. Ask around and find out who in your area is known to deal honestly and fairly with buyers.

Many stores today, especially those specializing in birds, have been operated by bird fanciers who have turned their hobby into a business. These individuals usually know and care about their birds. They have in stock items required for basic care and maintenance of birds, such as play toys, cages, bird feed and general health supplies. Sales personnel generally offer you more information than you ever thought necessary to get you started, so leave yourself plenty of time to shop!

Health should be a primary consideration when you are choosing a bird. Pay close attention to the health of all birds you look at. A free bird, if it is sick, is not worth the long-term monetary and emotional costs. To keep it simple, a sick bird looks sick and a healthy bird looks bright, alert, active and in good feather.

The following clues are important when considering the health of a bird:

• A sick bird may sit with its feathers puffed up, its eyes may be dull or even closed.
• The nostrils of a sick bird may be clogged or somewhat occluded. An additional clue is to check the feathers above the nostrils. If they appear wet or matted, then the bird has a nasal discharge.
• A bird that appears to have breathing problems is often sick.
• If the feathers around the bird's vent or hindquarters are soiled or matted, this indicates diarrhea.
• The bird may be listless or inactive.
• The seed cup may appear not to have been touched, indicating that the bird is off-feed.
• Be on the lookout for bald spots where feathers should be.
• Pay careful attention to the following:
  -swellings or sores on the feet or toes
  -a protruding breastbone
  -white crusts on the beak

When you are selecting your bird, you must consider its temperment. An intelligent bird with a good disposition is essential for everyone's benefit. Most birds that are for sale seem to be in a temporarily stressed condition. Do not expect too much at first, but do become aware of how different birds approach you as you make your choice. Intuition and experience are the most reliable guides someone can have in selecting a bird.

When you finally choose your bird, consider the following before money changes hands.

• If there is a problem, would you be able to locate the seller next?
• Is there a health certificate that allows for returns or exchanges within a reasonable period of time?
• Can the seller verify the bird's age and birthplace? (While this may always be possible, most reputable sellers have this information available. If not, learn how to judge the age of the bird species you want to buy.)
• Will you receive a written bill-of-sale?
• The purchase of a bird should always be contingent upon the bird being examined by a veterinarian within a few days of purchase. You should be allowed to return the animal and receive a full refund if it is not in sound health.
• The bill-of-sale should include the purchase price, the guarantee, the return policy, the bird's band number (if known) and a full description of the bird (i.e. color, sex—if known, genus and species).

1. My cat won't use the litter box because he/she is rebellious and wants to make me mad.
A. True
B. False

2. My cat scratches the furniture to:
A. Mark territory
B. All of these
C. Stretch muscles
D. Shed nail sheaths

3. What's the purpose in why my cat "kneads"?
A. A sign of being hungry
B. A sign of aggressiveness
C. A sign of affection
D. A sign of being unhappy

4. My cat leaves objects such as his/her toys in his/her food or water bowls just to drive me crazy.
A. True
B. False

5.Why does my cat suddenly bite me in an aggressive manner when I'm petting him/her?
A. My cat is mean
B. None of these
C. My cat doesn't like affection
D. My cat doesn't want to be petted anymore

6. My cat purrs only when he/she is happy and relaxed.
A. True
B. False

7. Is it normal for my cat to exhibit body movements during sleep?
A. Yes
B. No

8.Why does my cat insist on playing and ransacking the house after I have gone to bed?
A. My cat wants me to get up
B. My cat is a nocturnal creature
C. My cat likes to annoy me
D. None of these

9. Why does my cat scratch the floor around his/her food and water bowls after eating as if to cover it up?
A. To hide it
B. Doesn't like its location
C. It smells bad
D. None of these

10. Why does my indoor cat attack me or my other indoor cat(s) when he/she sees an unknown cat outdoors?
A. My cat is most likely showing he/she is in control
B. My cat is most likely showing displaced fear
C. My cat thinks of me or my other cat(s) as prey
D. My cat is most likely showing displaced aggression

Answers

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D
6. B 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. D

Cancer in its early stages can often be treated. If your pet shows any of the symptoms listed below, we recommend that you call the animal hospital to make an appointment. Early diagnosis and treatment is the best way to treat any disorder in pets.

1. Abnormal swellings that persist or continue to grow
2. Sores that do not heal
3. Weight loss
4. Loss of appetitie
5. Bleeding or discharge from any body opening
6. Offensive odor
7. Difficulty eating or swallowing
8. Hesitation to exercise or loss of stamina
9. Persistent lameness or stiffness
10. Difficulty breathing, urinating, or defecating

We are pleased to provide you with some information regarding blood testing. Do not hesitate to call the hospital if you have specific questions.

Many technologies that help humans live longer, healthier lives are available to your pet. By performing some basic blood tests, your veterinarian can gather information concerning the health and well being of your pet.

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT

This blood test actually consists of several tests that evaluate the number and type of blood cells in the circulation. Cells that are evaluated consist of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelets.

Laboratory Technician Counting Blood Cells

White blood cells are important in helping the body fight infection. Red blood cells are fundamental for carrying oxygen to the body’s tissues. The measurement of these cells can indicate anemia, infection, leukemia, stress, and inflammation.

Close-Up View - Canine Red Blood Cells

Close-Up View - The Arrow Is pointing To A Neutrophil (Type Of White Blood Cell)

Platelets are involved in the blood clotting process and if low (in number) can indicate a bleeding disorder.

The hematocrit (HCT) provides information pertaining to the relative number of red blood cells (RBC) in circulation. This test is used to diagnose anemia and dehydration.

BLOOD CHEMISTRY

These tests survey many of the organ systems of the body in order to make sure they are working properly.

Albumin (ALB) - Low levels indicates chronic liver or kidney disease, intestinal disease, or intestinal parasites (hookworm).

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) - Elevated with liver disease or injury.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALKP) - Elevated levels can indicate liver disease or Cushing’s disease.

Amylase (AMYL) - Elevated blood levels can indicate pancreatic and / or kidney disease.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - Reflects kidney and liver disease as well as dehydration.

Cholesterol (CHOL) - Elevated levels are seen in many disorders. Some include liver and kidney disease and hypothroidism.

Creatinine (CREA) - Elevated levels can be due to kidney disease or urinary tract obstruction.

Blood Glucose (GLU) - High levels can indicate diabetes. Low levels can indicate liver disease, infection or certain tumors.

Total Bilirubin (TBIL) - Levels of Bilirubin are useful in diagnosing anemia and bile duct problems.

Total Protein (TP) - This can detect many conditions. Some include liver, kidney, and gasrointestinal diseases as well as dehydration.

BLOOD ELECTROLYTES

Calcium (Ca) - Increased levels are seen with certain tumors and kidney and parathyroiud gland disease.

Phosphorus (PHOS) - Elevated levels can indicate kidney disease.

Sodium, Potassium, Chloride - all should be within normal levels. Vomiting, dehydration, and diarrhea can affect their levels.

Test Your Knowledge.

Fact or Fiction

Answers will be posted next month

1. If a dog's nose is hot, it is sick.
2. All cats need milk.
3. When cats fall, they will always land on their feet.
4. If a bird falls off a perch, it will break its neck.
5. If animals eat grass, they are sick or have worms.
6. If I do not see worms in my dog's stool, then it does not have worms.
7. All dog food is the same.
8. Dogs are color blind.
9. If a dog is washed too often, it can cause dandruff.
10. Heartworms are seen in the feces.

Answers To Pet Quiz

1. If a dog's nose is hot, it is sick. - Fiction
   A recent study at a major U.S. veterinary school determined that the nose doesn't determine anything about the health of the dog.
2. All cats need milk. - Fiction
   Baby (newborn) kittens need the queen's milk (or a special replacement formula); however, adult cats do not need milk. In fact, some cats are lactose intolerant and can't handle milk. If your cat has diahrrea after drinking milk, it could be lactose intolerant.
3. When cats fall, they will always land on their feet. - Fiction
   Because cats have a good sense of balance, people believe that they will always land on their feet. Unfortunately, this is not always true.
4. If a bird falls off a perch, it will break its neck. - Fiction
   It is possible that a bird may fall off its perch, but they are tough animals. It is highly unlikely that it will break its neck by simply falling off its perch.
5. If animals eat grass, they are sick or have worms. - Fiction
   Veterinarians do not know why animals eat grass, but it does not mean that they are sick. It just means that they like grass.
6. If I do not see worms in my dog's stool, then it does not have worms. - Fiction
   Generally, worms are transmitted through microscopic eggs that cannot be seen by the human eye. Symptoms may include vomiting a worm or passing one in the stool, but these are rare. Tapeworms are sometimes seen as white, rice-like particles attached to the fur around the anus. The best way to tell if your dog has worms is to have a stool sample analyzed by your veterinarian.
7. All dog food is the same. - Fiction
   The dog food label does not always explain the quality of the ingredients. In order to avoid adding supplements, pet owners should go with a premium name brand. Dog food is another example of "you get what you pay for."
8. Dogs are color blind. - Fiction
   Dogs can see some colors, but not as well as humans. Different types of dogs tend to see different colors.
9. If a dog is washed too often, it can cause dandruff. - Fact
   The skin becomes dry when an animal is washed too much. It is best to wash a dog only when it is dirty or smells (or if the dog has fleas). The addition of a conditioner might help.
10. Heartworms are seen in the feces. - Fiction
    Heartworm are found in the dog's heart and pulmonary blood vessels. They are never seen in the feces.